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Primer on
Leafminers in Cordillera Administrative Region,
Philippines
Foreword,
Authors and Acknowledgements
Introduction
Species
Characteristics
and Sudden Prominence
Nature
of Damage
Host
Plants
Life
Cycle
Management
Options
Nature of Damage
The
adult LM female fly puncture (stipple) the upper
surface of leaves with its ovipositor to feed on
the cell exudates or inserts an egg between the
upper and lower epidermal layers. Oviposition
lesions are about the same size as feeding lesions
( 1mm diameter), but are deeper because the female
lays the egg inside the leaf tissue. Although the
stipple leaf surfaces may be extensive, loss of
chlorophyll (green substance) bearing leaf tissues
is due primarily to leaf mining by larvae. Mainly
the larvae cause damage, which mines leaves and
reduces yield or the aesthetic value of vegetable,
ornamental plants, and cut flowers.
The
nature of damage on some of the economically
important crops in CAR are as follows:
| Potato: Highly infested potato fields appear burned and complete crop loss can occur. LM flies infestation may start at plant emergence and continue to plant senescence. Lower leaves are the first to show damage. Damage in upper leaves usually occurs when the plant canopy stops growing. |
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| Tomato: LM damage could lead to premature desiccation and may completely defoliate or lead to loss of leaves. Thus, tomato fruits become sun-scorched before harvest, as they are unprotected to sunlight owing to leaf falling. |
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| Celery and Lettuce: LM infestations reduce plant size, increase costs, and delay harvest by about 2-3 weeks. In addition, feeding punctures and the mines reduce the value of the crop, which is rendered
unsaleable.
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| Cabbage: Individual mines are of little significance. However, entire leaves may be mined when larval populations are large. Injury to mature cabbage plant is usually confined to outer leaves and doesn’t influence the growth of the plant. In contrast, seedlings may be killed or severely weakened by high larval densities. |
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| Chrysanthemum: Photosynthesis is severely affected and there is delayed growth of vegetation (smaller plants, smaller flower). |
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Go to Host
Plants
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